This course focuses towards the thought and political movements in modern European history. A special study will be made concerning the upheavels in European society in the effort to search for, to establish and maintain a system of government: that is, to resolve the conflict that arises. Incidently, crisis arises out of economic, political and social conditions in a society and also from ideas developed by a number of European thinkers. Those who had been involved hoped to create a system that would establish a balance between the power of the government and the rights of those whom it governed, the privileges of the rich and the comfort of the poor and so forth. The system of the government to be studied, includes the feudal system, democracy and dictatorship. Nonetheless, different interpretation of history among the various scholars would also be considered. The topics that are in discussion in this course are as follows:




The French Revolution (1789 94)

France under Napoleon (1799 1814)

Revolutions of 1848 (1848 90)

The Russian Revolution (1917 23)

Russia under Stalin (1923 45)

Nazism in Germany (1933 45)




References:




1. Qasim Ahmad. (2003). Eropah Moden: Arus Sosiopolitik dan Pemerintahan (Edisi Kedua). DBP, Kuala Lumpur.

2. Anderson M.S. (1966). The Eastern Questions 1774-1923. Macmillan. London. Toronto. St. Martins Press. New York.

3. Palmer R R & Colton, Joel. (1967). A History of The Modern World. Alfred. A. Knopf. New York.