This course will discuss on numerous factors which allow classes of vertebrates to live as pest populations and various steps taken to control them, namely physical, chemical, mechanical and biological controlling methods as well as reduction of their source of food and regulatory control measures. Within the context of chemical control, aspects of action, toxicity, physiology and pesticide technology, as well as its effect on environment and magnification, will be discussed. Combinations of two or more methods of control to manage vertebrate pests, and the best possible approach and its effects on the ecological, environmental and economical aspects will also be discussed.